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The idea of using bacterial cells for storing information has been thought of for a long time. This idea was a result of the large quantity of new information rapidly generated on a daily basis [1]. At present, the International Data Corporation (IDC) estimated that on a daily basis, about 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are generated, much of which is machine and human-generated data, and the pace is rapidly accelerating. The IDC further estimated that by 2025, newly generated data up to 180 zettabytes (ZB) orbytes 1.8 x1023 bytes will be created. These figures are very large to fathom. To perfectly understand these large estimates, the estimates exceed the radius of the observable universe which is 43 x 1021 km, exactly two orders of magnitude lesser than the said estimate of bytes [2]. The use of machine learning techniques has further intensified this need for an alternative means of storing a large volume of information. This technique entails the use of social networks, and navigation systems that run over big volumes of data. To end this problem of data storage, alternative means of information storage are required. One promising solution is the use of bacterial Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This storage technique uses non-motile bacteria and the information to be stored is digitally encoded. The whole process works by the use of bacterial Nano networks which allow for molecular communication [3]. As technological advancement continues to move in a rapid manner, as evident by the high technology computers and phones we use, which come with high resolution cameras, that continue to consume much space, there is the fear that if an alternative as well as a sustainable means of data storage is not devised, the breakthrough in the technological industries will be halted, and this might affect the computer/electronic industries as well as global economies. This challenge has made researchers dwell into finding alternative ways of data storage, which entails the use of bacterial cells. This might not be in connection with the obvious fact that bacteria retain the credit of one of the most abundant life forms on earth with the ability to grow into millions within just 18 to 24 hours. Of all the bacterial cells on earth amounting to  bacterial taxonomists argued that only about less than 5% have been discovered. This 5% is thought to reach hundreds of thousands of different bacteria each with unique distinguishing properties the diverse groups of bacteria, the bacteria Escherichia coli, usually abbreviated as E. coli has proven to be the most promising candidate in DNA Molecular Data Storage Systems.  The bacteria (E. coli) remains the only bacteria whose genome (a pool containing all the genetic elements of a cell) has largely been studied, this allows for the modification via the alteration of given cell properties. This often results in many breakthroughs in the field of Microbiology, from gene therapy, production of recombinant vaccines and single-cell proteins, and Bacterial intelligence, a technique that integrates cell Programmeming with genetic circuit which allows for the E. coli cell to solve the diverse classical problem in artificial intelligence that today are solved by computers [3], and many more techniques to be available in the near future. The bacterial DNA encodes all the genetic information encoded by the cell which comprises all the cell characteristics and is capable of replicating in other for the cell to maintain its generation. This is achieved as the cell continues to grow. In bacterial cells, growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells as opposed to an increase in size. This storage technique offers numerous advantages, as the copy of stored information increases as the bacterial cells grow. This generates many different copies of a single data that is stored, hence decreasing the likelihood of missing information. More so, this storage technique offers the opportunity to store condensed information with long-term stability. Before now, the main challenge faced by Molecular Microbiologists and other Bioinformaticians is the means by which this information can be safely retrieved. However, subsequent studies on Microbial genetics and molecular biology approach were able to provide solutions to these problems as scientists were able to find a more promising technique of data retrieval of all stored information via the use of genetically engineered motile bacteria, which handle the task of reading operations. Although reading operations has been identified as a solution to the problem, the challenge now is how the entire reading process of the encoded information can be automated, especially if the stored information is archived all together. Recent developments in bacterial studies suggest the use of molecular communications which uses the cell molecular signaling mechanisms via a quorum sensing approach. In this approach, the bacterial DNA is seen as the software whereas the whole cell is seen as the hardware component. The whole idea of the use of bacteria as storage devices (Biostorage) employs the use of bacterial nanonetworks (figure 1) along with some plasmids. The plasmids are extra chromosomal material containing some set of information, that confer on bacteria some given properties. In this technique, the plasmids are encoded with some set of needed digital information usually from an archive library and the engineered bacteria (E. Coli) are made to pick up those plasmids. The plasmids will then deliver the encoded information into the cell for sequencing operations and then decode the information. Simulations (imitation of the operation of a given system) are then employed to assess how the information is transferred into the cell as well as assess how it affects the E. coli cells as it is assembled towards a given destination in the cell. To assess the ability of the bacteria to pick the data of choice for storage, as well as the retrieval of the archived information, techniques such as; Molecular Positioning System, digitally encoded-DNA archive system, System validation, and Wet lab experiments (figure 2 and 3) must be taken into consideration. Figure 1: Overall system architecture of the DNA archival system that enables reading using bacterial nanonetworks.

Graphical abstract Introduction The increasing amount of biomass wastes which has led to serious environmental issues, coupled with unstable petroleum resources have prompted the need to explore the conversion of biomass wastes into value-added chemicals. About 100 billion metric tons of biomass waste material are produced yearly all over the world (Cho et al., 2020). Biomass waste includes a diverse range of materials such as municipal solid waste (MSW), forestry residues, agricultural wastes, fruit processing waste, and waste from other food processing industries (Zhou and Wang, 2020). Majority of these wastes are left in the field to decompose naturally, discarded in landfill space, or burned in the open for cooking, drying, and charcoal production, which not only has low efficiency but also causes significant environmental pollution such as greenhouse gas emissions and air quality deterioration. Hence, establishing an environmentally friendly and efficient strategy for utilizing and managing different kinds of biomass waste by converting them into high value industrial products for various medical, industrial and environmental applications is paramount. Biomass waste is expected to generate 20% of transportation fuels and 25% of industrial chemicals by 2030 (Clauser et al., 2021). Although, several approach such as physical, chemical, and biological techniques towards valorization of biomass waste have been explored and shown successful degradation over the year, they still have their shortcomings. Biological approach particularly enzymatic deconstruction has the potential to replace the current techniques adopted and generate higher yields, greater selectivity, and reduced costs, as well as the production of fewer inhibitory byproducts (Cho et al., 2020). This mini review summarizes the different types of biomass waste, various technologies employ in their valorization, and the types of high-value-added industrial chemicals derived from the wastes. Chemical constituents of biomass waste Biomass wastes can emanate from variety of sources namely; municipal pruning, agriculture and forestry, food and fruit processing industries, wood industries etc. These biomass wastes comprise of intricate matrix of three main constituents namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which must be broken-down to acceptable product yields (Clauser et al., 2021). Other components associated with biomass are lignin, collagen, gelatin, keratin, chitin, xylan, glucan etc. Cellulose is the most ubiquitous polymer, accounting for 40-50% of all plant and woody biomass by weight (Zhou and Wang, 2020). It is the biomass skeleton, and the protective layer is lignin. To form a lignin-carbohydrate complex structure, they are linked together by covalent bonds and non-covalent hydrogen bonds (Yin et al., 2021). The lignocellulosic matrix is formed by the strong bonding of these three components. As a result of the physical and chemical complexity of the constituents, efficient measures must be taken to fully expose the cellulose structure, increase cellulose effective contact with reactants, and enhance the conversion rate of biomass (Zhang et al., 2020). Hemicellulose is hydrogen-bonded to cellulose and covalently linked to lignin. Lignin is the main structural compound in the formation of plant cell walls, particularly in wood and bark due to its aromatic structure, which increases strength and rigidity. Lignin may have varying physicochemical properties depending on the type of biomass and extraction technique (Zhou and Wang, 2020). It acts as a protective shield for cellulose microfibrils, causing cellulose hydrolysis to glucose difficult. Furthermore, the lignin-hemicellulose link inhibits the deconstruction of cellulose microfibrils to pentose and hexose sugars. As a result, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) requires optimal pretreatment to remove the highest lignin content and degrade the cellulose into simple sugars via saccharification so that fermentative microorganisms can produce the most amount of targeted industrial chemicals (Clauser et al., 2021). Valorization of biomass waste into high-value-added industrial chemicals The concept of bio-converting waste resources into more valuable industrial chemicals and/or products is known as waste valorization (Gumisiriza et al., 2017). The various aforementioned waste materials can be converted into high-value-added industrial chemicals using different green processing technologies with the aim of reducing wastes deposited in the environment (Arancon et al., 2017). Several processing technologies such as physical (e.g. mechanical comminution, irradiation, microwave, ultrasonication, hydrothermal etc.), chemical (e.g. acid and alkaline hydrolysis, ozonolysis, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents etc.), physiochemical (e.g. steam explosion, supercritical fluid, wet oxidation etc.), and biological (use of enzymes and microbes) for biomass waste conversion into fine chemicals have previously and recently been explored. However, little or no success has been accomplished due to the recalcitrant nature of lignin posed by its tight cross-link with cellulose and hemicellulose (Ning et al., 2021). Therefore, to compensate for the problems accustomed with a single technique of biomass valorization, researchers now combine two or more pretreatment technologies with fewer shortcomings (Bhatia et al., 2021; Ning et al., 2021). This will also enhance biomass waste deconstruction, especially by focusing more on recent technologies that support lignin removal. The various high-value industrial chemicals that can be derived from waste biomass are broadly categorized into three groups namely; sugar and sugar alcohol (e.g. glucose, arabinose, mannitol etc.); biodiesel and esters; bio-oil, bio-char, and synthetic gas, which produce downstream chemicals like alcohols, polyols, carboxylic acids, organic acids, polymers, furan, bio-gas, liquid alkanes, and amino acids. All these chemicals show diverse industrial applications especially in the field of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, biomedicals, food, fragrances, cosmetics, building, aerospace etc. (Ning et al., 2021). Conclusion The present mini-review highlights the significance and potential of lignocellulosic waste biomass for production of high-value industrial chemicals. The valorization of biomass wastes into high-value-added chemicals has drawn attention lately because of the projected decline in availability of petroleum resources (utilized for production of these industrial products via the conventional technology), as well as the unceasing increase in the amount of biomass waste generated in the environment. The high-value chemicals generated from the biomass waste have promising potential applications in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, and cosmetic industries, thus they are worthy of recovery. However, the currently available waste valorization technologies face various challenges ranging from cost and energy ineffectiveness to process inefficiency and environmental unfriendliness. Hence, further research on improving the existing biomass conversion technologies to become a green sustainable approach for valorization of our ever increasing