Knowledgebase & Articles

Globalization and the advancements in ICT after the Second World War (WW II)  has  knitted and interconnected countries and rendered territorial boundaries void, thereby expanding the constitutive role of the United Nations (UN). Today, terrorism, climate change, cybercrime, drug trafficking, illegal migration, and trafficking in persons, among others, are global issues that a single state cannot solve, but must be resolved through the collective efforts of states. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic first broke out in Wuhan, China, but as of April 13, 2022, 14:13 GMT, Worldometer reported that 501,406,088 people were affected, with 6,210,759 deaths across the globe. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye described the interconnection of the states as a complex dependency. In a world of complex interdependence, the policies, actions, and inactions of one state might have a profound effect on another or other states in the world. With the increased interdependence of states, many concepts and events in the world are experiencing a shift in meaning. For instance, there is a shift in understanding from absolute to relative sovereignty. Sovereignty refers to the right and authority of a state to exercise total control over its own affairs without any form of external interference. What states held tenaciously was absolute sovereignty, barring any form of external intervention of any sort. But the concept is shifting in meaning from absolutism to relativism. Simonovic (2002) argues that the traditional absolute sovereignty principle of noninterference in the “internal affairs of a state” is being challenged by the international community’s belief in its “responsibility to protect” the world’s citizens from persecution, large-scale human rights abuses, and other suffering. Today, no state can say that it has complete control over its own affairs without being influenced by outside forces in some way. There is also a shift in the conception of nationalism to internationalism. Nationalism is understood to be one’s love for his nation. But the notion has given way to internationalism. People now see themselves not only as citizens of a particular country, but as global citizens. Humanity is seen as general regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, and country of residence. In a complex, interdependent world, an injury to one country or society is regarded as an injury to all peoples of the world. The global outrage over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine shows how humanity is cared for, regardless of territorial boundary. Foreign policies used to be rather basic, largely limited to imports and exports. Agriculture, fiscal aid, terrorism, the environment, health, and education are all areas where today’s foreign policies have grown dramatically. Most institutions around the world aspire to engage in practices that are globally accepted and commonly referred to as “global best practices.” Interdependence has made educational institutions and their services reflect not only domestic need but also global exigency. Skyline University Nigeria was established in 2018 and is leaving to the reality of the 21st century where states are complexly interdependent, thereby preparing students to not just be productive citizens of their respective countries, but responsible global citizens. This stems from the fact that any meaningful education that a college, university, or any educational institution provides must be to prepare students to favorably compete with their peers across the globe and also prepare them for not just their national challenges, but global challenges. As the African proverb says, “When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also.” Globalization and ICT have reduced the world to a global village, states are complexly interdepended, everyone must brace up to the new reality.   References Simonovic, I (2002). Relative sovereignty of the twenty first century. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 25(5). https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1569&context=hastings_int   ernational_comparative_law_review Keohane, R. O. & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and Interdependence: World politics in transition. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. Keohane, R. O. & Nye, J. S. (1987). Power and Interdependence Revisited. International   Organization, 41, 725-753.   Nyam Elisha YAKUBU is a lecturer II in the Department of International Relations of the School of Arts, Management and Social Science in Skyline University Nigeria. He holds an M.Sc. in International Relations and Strategic Studies, from the University of Jos. You can join the conversation on Facebook @SkylineUniversityNG and on Twitter @SkylineUNigeria

The rapid development in population density in metropolitan cities has necessitates a reasonable provision of services and infrastructures to meet the needs of the residents. There is no doubt that the rapid urbanization has not only modernized many people lives and also improved their standard of living but also brought about major issues such as pollution, increased energy consumption, traffic congestion, natural disasters among others. Torres-Ruiz & Lytras [1] defined urban computing as the process of acquiring, integrating, and analyzing big and heterogeneous data generated by a variety of sources in urban spaces, such as sensors, devices, vehicles, buildings, and humans. Urban computing brings together inconspicuous and ubiquitous sensing technologies, powerful data management and analytics models, and unique visualization approaches to provide win-win-win solutions that improve the urban environment, human life quality, and city operations systems. Urban computing also aids in the understanding of urban phenomena and even the forecasting of futures cities. Urban computing is an interdisciplinary field that combines computing science with traditional fields such as transportation, civil engineering, business, ecology, and sociology. The application of urban computing in the management of transportation is one of the most significant application in urban computing. The amount of information generated today in the transport sector is massive which is where BigData, an aspect of urban computing comes into play. The data collected is analyzed and used to improve the different aspects in the transport sector which is the goal of having a smooth smart transport services with high efficiency, increased level of travel experience and cost effectiveness [2] [3]. Moreover, air pollution is one of the problems brought about by urbanization of our cities and there have been different proposals by governments on addressing the issue like building air quality stations but the problem still lingers because of factors like land uses, traffic volume and meteorology. The application of urban computing in addressing it is now getting attention with several studies being conducted in this area. An example of such studies is carried out by Zheng  et. al [4], where the authors introduced a cloud-based knowledge discovery system that infers real-time and fine-grained air quality information across a city based on historical and real-time air quality data given by existing monitor stations and a number of data sources observed around the city such as point of interest (POI), human mobility, traffic flow, meteorology, road network structures. Other areas where urban computing have been applied is the housing and real estate sector as discussed in several studies [5], [6], health sector also as discussed in [7], [8], environment sector especially in disaster management as discussed in several studies [9], [10], [11] among others. Recent advancements in wireless communications, smart gadgets, and social computing applications have enable new urban sensing and management opportunities. In summary, urban computing is an interdisciplinary discipline that investigates how real-time technology may help us better understand our cities while also imagining ways in which these technologies can improve them. REFERENCES Torres-Ruiz, Miguel & Lytras, Miltiadis. (2016). Urban Computing and Smart Cities Applications for the Knowledge Society. International Journal of Knowledge Society Research. 7. 113-119. 10.4018/IJKSR.2016010108. Nagy, Albert & József, Tick. (2016). Improving transport management with big data analytics. 199-204. 10.1109/SISY.2016.7601497. Munizaga, Marcela. (2019). Big data and transport. 10.4337/9781788970204.00032. Zheng, Y., Liu, F., & Hsieh, H.-P. (2013). U-Air: When urban air quality inference meets big data. Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (pp. 1436–1444). ACM. doi:10.1145/2487575.2488188 Mohammed, Jibrin & Bello, M. & Saidu, Umar & Mohammed, Maikudi. (2018). A MODEL FOR INTEGRATED SMART REAL ESTATE. Barkham, Richard & Bokhari, Sheharyar & Saiz, Albert. (2022). Urban Big Data: City Management and Real Estate Markets. 10.1007/978-3-030-84459-2_10. Cook, Diane & Duncan, Glen & Sprint, Gina & Fritz, Roschelle. (2018). Using Smart City Technology to Make Healthcare Smarter. Proceedings of the IEEE. PP. 1-15. 10.1109/JPROC.2017.2787688. Cabo, Javier & Uceda, Jose & Muiños, Verónica & Lopez, Javier & De Castro Lozano, Carlos. (2018). Ubiquitous Computing and Its Applications in the Disease Management in a Ubiquitous City. Journal of Computer and Communications. 06. 19-42. 10.4236/jcc.2018.63002. Chaudhuri, Neha & Bose, Indranil. (2019). Application of Image Analytics for Disaster Response in Smart Cities. 10.24251/HICSS.2019.367. Hartama, Dedy & Zarlis, M & Sembiring, Rahmat Widia. (2017). Smart City: Utilization of IT resources to encounter natural disaster. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 890. 012076. 10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012076. You, Jianyi & Muhammad, Auwal & He, Xin & Xie, Tianqi & Wang, Zhiyuan & Fan, Xiaoliang & Yu, Zhiyong & Chen, Longbiao & Wang, Cheng. (2022). PANDA: predicting road risks after natural disasters leveraging heterogeneous urban data. CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction. 10.1007/s42486-022-00095-5.   Mr Muhammad Auwal Sagir is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Information Technology at Skyline University Nigeria. He obtained his MSc. Cloud Computing from University of Essex (UK). You can join the conversation on Facebook @SkylineUniversityNG and on Twitter @SkylineUNigeria

Do you mind a stranger monitoring your digital life, I mean tracking your calls, mining videos, pictures, text messages, and all the sites explored on your smartphone? Have you ever thought of a mobile application that pries what you do in your private space? It could be a spy when you are not aware, but what if your permission is sought and granted, could it still be an offense? Perhaps yes when you don’t know the depth of personal information gathered about you before granting access. Advancement in the internet and internet of things technologies in a couple of decades has transformed information creation, dissemination, and consumption into a most flexible eased, and interesting experience. The unprecedented surge of the internet and the supportive internet-of-things resulted in agglutination and obsession with the technologies, particularly among teenagers and young adults who spent an hour navigating across a plethora of social media and none social media platforms to gratify their needs. It is quite a hard thing for the netizens to pass a day without exploring a social networking platform except perhaps they are eluded of connectivity. In some societies, excessive use of internet technologies poses the menace of social media addiction and fling such users into a pool of psychological and physical effects (Hughes, 2015). Social media as a key player in modern communication succeeded in shrinking the globe into a village that can be explored by mere “clicking” on a palm-size device. The sites are so pervasive that they penetrate virtually every home, organization, institution, and sector knitting social, business, educational, and religious domains. The sudden growth of social media comes with both benefits and losses as it becomes a prime target of cybercriminals, corporate bodies, and the platforms’ developers who work tirelessly strategizing ways of tapping users’ personal information for various criminal, commercial, and surveillance activities. Winseck, as summarized in Lyon, (2003), laments that valuable private information is generated in form of the user profile, customer details, or enrolment data while some of the systems are quite aware of the weakness of their data protection mechanisms. This situation is obtainable on virtually all social platforms. Installation and signing up for certain mobile applications require “agreeing to the term and condition” part of which you give the application access to your media, Text, and sound on your device. Media in this context means all videos, pictures, and audio information; Text comprised text messages, documents in text form, and symbols; and sound encompasses calls, recorded voices, downloaded voices, and all auditory information including those on other platforms. The ever-growing availability of big data; its spreading and the great impact it has on the human privacy risks prompted many companies to consider the integration of privacy requirements into their business model (CHI 2018, April 21–26, 2018, Montréal, QC, Canada), observes that, if you do not pay for a product, you are then the product (CHI 2018, April 21–26, 2018, Montréal, QC, Canada). Moreover, most social networking site subscribers use their mobile phones to access the platforms. According to 2022 research statistics, 98.5% access Facebook on their smartphones. Most cybernauts are destitute of the implication of exploring the sites on a smartphone, perhaps due to inadequate digital literacy, a behavior that often lands innocent cyber citizens into a barrage of unjustifiable abuse and violation of privacy. The greatest mistake users often make is accepting cookies and agreeing to the terms and conditions of the platforms without reading the content. Most social networking site users lack the understanding of the privacy policies and settings, hence, allowing default settings that are prone to multifaceted violations from the applications designers, cybercriminals, and desperate economic tycoons. Unfortunately, the terms and conditions composed by such platforms are intentionally designed with semantic noise, lousy construction, and vague to smear reading appetite. Moreover, users should frequently be checking and customizing privacy and security settings to avoid violations. Similarly, European Union (EU), the USA, and Canada have laws that govern social networking sites in their countries, to avoid any stinking experiences. Therefore, all countries need to sensitize social users of these platforms in their country so that they explore the depth of internet safety. Reference  Ackerman, S., & Schutte, K. (2015). Social Media as a Vector for Cyber Crime. www.clarkschaefer.com Aldhafferi, N., Watson, C., & Sajeev,  a S. M. (2013). Personal Information Privacy Settings of Online Social Networks and their Suitability for Mobile Internet Devices. International Journal of Security, Privacy and Trust Management, 2(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijsptm.2013.2201 Calbalhin, J. P. (2019). Facebook User ’ s Data Security and Awareness : A Literature Review. Journal of Academic Research, 3(2), 0–13. Chewae, M., Hayikader, S., Hasan, M. H., & Ibrahim, J. (2015). How Much Privacy We Still Have on Social Network ? 5(1), 1–5. Das, B., & Sahoo, J. S. (2011). Social Networking Sites – A Critical Analysis of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(14), 222–228. http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._14;_July_2011/25.pdf Dey, K., & Mondal, P. (2019). Privacy awareness among the academic social network users. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2019(September). Finn, R. L., Wright, D., & Friedewald, M. (2013). Seven types of privacy. European Data Protection: Coming of Age, 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5170-5_1 Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure, Authenticated U.S. Government Information 1197 (1992). http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/rightofprivacy.html Holvast, J. (2007). History of privacy. The History of Information Security, 737–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451608-4/50028-6 How Apps on Android Share Data with Facebook. (2018). December. Hughes, R. L. D. (2015). Two concepts of privacy. Computer Law & Security Review, 31(4), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2015.05.010 Jin, G. Z. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Consumer Privacy (No. 24253; NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES).   Mr. Bashiru Usman is working as a Lecturer in Skyline University Nigeria in the Department of Mass Communications. He has obtained a Masters’ Degree in Communication and Media Studies, Cyprus International University, Cyprus You can join the conversation on Facebook @SkylineUniversityNG and on Twitter @SkylineUNigeria

It has long been discovered that long sitting hours can lead to a number of health complications and postural problems like disc damage, strained neck, swayed back etc. Many corporate employees who work in a sitting position for long hours complained of these postural problems, workplace injuries that could be avoided.

Introduction The international system is influenced by two dominant approaches; Neo-Realism and Liberalism. Neo realist views the international system as a structure influenced by anarchy due to lack of central authority. Therefore, for states to survive, they must acquire power and security. While the latter argues that the international system can be cooperative and peaceful through international institutions; UN, IMF World Bank, etc. They put forward motion that through international trade and economic ties relationships between nations will lessen tension and prevent war. Globalization in the 21st century has paved the way for multinational cooperation (MNC) to become key players in shaping economies, especially in developing nations. Third world countries grow their economy either through official development aid (ODA) from other states and international institutions (IMF, World Bank) or through foreign direct investment (FDI) where MNC plays significant roles. Historically, MNC can be traced back to the 18th century with the establishment of the British India Company, the company was granted rights to trade between Europe and East Indies. However, the system was state-dominated then, but as MNC evolved the dependency on states lessen over time (Kapfer, 2006).  Contemporary, the dynamics of the international system has laid the foundation for cooperation’s to be efficient in coordinating global strategies for production, management practice, Profit maximization and adaptive in a different environment to take advantage of opportunities provided by the states. Hence, power gradually shifted from states to cooperation (Kapfer, 2006). The advancement and growth of MNC such as Apple, Google, Microsoft, and other telecommunication companies have begun to be at the expense of states sovereignty. Here we use the term Sovereignty in one’s ability to control its affairs both internally and externally. Accordingly, these MNC play a significant role in supporting sustainable development in developing economies by providing investment and jobs. However, due to their level of influence and their financial power bank, their ability to determine or interfere in domestic’s politics is alarming to the world leaders. Domestic politics influence international politics, and developing states tend to suffer most domestically when non-state actors begin to dabble into their affairs. This is be done through lobbying of politicians and interests groups that plays a significant role is state’s legislative process. So, where does the power lie, States or corporations? Well, the answer is not quite simple, both actors do play vital role to the progress of the other. Despite the power and influence of MNC, states power can control to an extent over MNC actions, they have the authority to allow a company do business in their territory and can provide protectionist policies to shield local firms. However, this can hinder or stagnate economic growth if done extremely. Why? Because MNC find manipulative ways to reduce their cost of production by unwilling using outdated production techniques, For example, the Chrysler used outdated and inefficient practices in Mexico. On the other states must accommodate the reality of given some sovereignty in order for their economies to develop through multinational cooperation’s   References Kapfer, S. (2006). Multinational corporations and the erosion of state sovereignty. Illinois State University. Kline, J. (2006). MNCs and Surrogate Sovereignty. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 13(1), 123-133. Retrieved July 12, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24590648 Lawrence, Robert Z. 2005. Comment. In does foreign direct investment promote development? Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.   Mr.  Farid Iliyasu Illo is a Lecturer II of the Department of International Relations, Skyline University Nigeria. He holds a Master’s Degree in Strategic Studies from University Utara Malaysia (UUM) You can join the conversation on Facebook @SkylineUniversityNG and on Twitter @SkylineUNigeria

The interior of the earth is divided into crust, mantle, and core based on composition and depth. The crust is the uppermost shell of the earth, it is primarily (roughly 95%) made up of igneous rock and metamorphic rock with an overall composition between intermediate and felsic. The remaining 5% is made up of sedimentary rock, which is dominated by mudstone.  The mantle, which is the second major part of the earth, includes several layers, all with the same overall ultramafic composition. The upper mantle extends from below the Mohrovicic discontinuity up to a depth of 1000 km and is typically composed of peridotite, a rock dominated by olivine and pyroxene. The lower mantle extends from 1000 km to the core boundary (Gutenberg discontinuity) and it has a similar chemical composition, but different minerals because of the extreme pressures that are present. The core is the innermost part of the earth. Core constitutes around 17% of the volume and 34% of the mass of the earth. It is separated from the mantle by the Gutenberg discontinuity, and is composed of iron, with lesser amounts of nickel (about 5%) and several percent oxygen. It is extremely hot (roughly 3500° to 5000°C). The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid—even though it is hotter—because the pressure is so much greater at that depth (Mahapatra, 2018). The Seismic Structure of the Earth’s Interior Crust: The seismic structure of the continental crust is variable, but it has an average thickness of 35 km and an average P-wave velocity of about 6.5 kms−1. The oceanic crust is thinner, 7–8 km thick, with an average P-wave velocity of more than 6 kms−1 Mantle: Since primary and secondary waves record a definite increase in their velocities with depth, it is logical that material of the mantle is denser than that of the crustal rocks. The normal P-wave velocity at the top of the mantle is 8.1 km s−1. The uppermost mantle is very heterogeneous, its structure being dependent upon plate processes and history. Standard velocity models vary in representation of the uppermost mantle depending upon the data used and the assumptions made. Core: At the core–mantle boundary (Gutenberg discontinuity) the P-wave velocity drops from about 13.7 to about 8.1 km s−1, and also the S-wave velocity drops from about 7.3 km s−1 to zero. This structure is determined by the strong reflections and so on. The P-wave velocity increases slowly through the outer core until the boundary of the inner core. The Temperature of Earth’s Interior The internal temperature of the earth increases with depth. Thus, the rate of increase is not linear. The temperature gradient is around 15° to 30°C per km within the lithosphere (upper 100 kilometres); it then drops off dramatically through the mantle and increases more quickly at the base of the mantle, and then increases slowly through the core. The temperature is around 1000°C at the bottom of the crust, around 3500°C at the base of the mantle, and around 5,000°C at centre of the earth (inner core). The temperature gradient within the lithosphere is quite variable depending on the tectonic setting and are lowest in the central parts of continents, higher in the vicinity of subduction zones, and higher still at divergent boundaries (Steven Earle, 2019). Sources of heat of Earth’s interior The heat of interior of the earth comes from two main sources, each contributing about 50% of the heat. One of those is the frictional heat left over from the collisions of large and small particles that formed Earth in the first place, plus the subsequent frictional heat of redistribution of material within Earth by gravitational forces. The other source is radioactivity, specifically the spontaneous radioactive decay of the isotopes 235U, 238U, 40K, and 232Th, which are primarily present in the mantle. The total heat produced that way has been decreasing over time, and is now roughly 25% of what it was when Earth created. This means that the interior of the earth is slowly becoming cooler (Steven, 2019). Reference Steven Earle, (2019). Physical geology. BCcampus pub 2nd ed. ISBN 9781774200285.  Mahapatra G. B. (2018). The text book of Physical Geology. CBS pub. ISBN 8123901100.   Mr. Aliyu Mohammed Lawan is a Lecturer II at the Department of Geology, Skyline University Nigeria.  He holds a Master’s degree in Applied Geophysics from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. You can join the conversation on Facebook @SkylineUniversityNG and on Twitter @SkylineUNigeria

Insomnia is a universal epidemy amongst university students, and it is related to a number of psychiatric disorders. Insomnia is a disorder condition in which an individual has trouble sleeping or staying asleep, and it is linked to a number of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. More than 100 million Africans of all ages are sleep deprived. Sleep is very essential. Sleep deprivation can have an adverse effect on academic and occupational performance, interpersonal relationships, mental well-being, and safety. According to numerous recent studies, insomnia is a communal psychiatric dilemma among college students and university students. Further studies have established that poor sleeping habits are prevalent among undergraduate students across the globe. Sleep quality and quantity have changed as a result of the advancement of technology, such as the use of social media, the internet, and so on, and there is a significant relationship between insomnia and the use of these technologies. Most adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, but the quantity of sleep needed to properly function varies from person to person. The quantity and quality of your sleep are equally important. Insomnia is more common in women than in men. Pregnancy and hormonal changes can interfere with sleep. Insomnia becomes more prevalent after the age of 60. Older people may be less likely to sleep soundly due to physiological changes associated with aging, along with health issues or medications that disrupt sleep. Many factors, including psychological, environmental, and physiological issues, can contribute to the development of insomnia Work, relationships, and financial difficulties, amongst others, are examples of life stressors, including unhealthy eating and sleeping traditions and chronic pain caused by arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other diseases. Hormone fluctuations are caused by thyroid disease, menopause, menstruation, or other factors. There is no specific test for diagnosing insomnia. It is critical to review your sleep history with your doctor in order to diagnose insomnia. Students’ physical and mental health can be negatively affected by sleep deprivation in the long run. Sleep medications should only be administered on rare occasions or for a short period of time, as prescribed by doctors. They are not the first line of treatment for chronic insomnia. Changes in your lifestyle, before going to bed, avoid large meals, caffeine, and alcohol. Reduce your intake of caffeine, such as coffee, soda, and chocolate, throughout the day and especially at night. Remove smartphones, TVs, laptops, and other screens at least 30 minutes before going to bed. Stop smoking. Make your bedroom a dark, quiet, and cool haven. Relax with relaxing music, a good book, or media. Although the pervasiveness of insomnia amongst people is increasing on a daily basis, university students have acknowledged less thoughtfulness than others. According to one study, one-third of the adult population in various countries suffers from insomnia symptoms, while others found a high dominance of insomnia without using any preventive and regimented measures, and still, others only use quantitative scales to assess the rate of insomnia. Reference Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. (2020) 288:112954. 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 Darchia, N., Oniani, N., Sakhelashvili, I., Supatashvili, M., Basishvili, T., Eliozishvili, M., Maisuradze, L., & Cervena, K. (2018). Relationship between sleep disorders and health related quality of life—Results from the Georgia SOMNUS study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8), 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph15081588 Riemann, D., Nissen, C., Palagini, L., Otte, A., Perlis, M. L., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015). The neurobiology, investi- gation, and treatment of chronic insomnia. The Lancet Neurology, 14(5), 547–558. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S1474-4422(15)00021-6 Jiang, X.-L., Zheng, X.-Y., Yang, J., C-p, Y., Chen, Y.-Y., Zhang, Z.-G., & Xiao, Z.-J. (2015). A systematic review of studies on the prevalence of insomnia in university students. Public Health, 129(12), 1579–1584. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.030