Skyline University Nigeria

Skyline University Nigeria (SUN) Signs MoU with Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM)

Amidst the gradual easing down of lockdown in Nigeria as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Skyline University Nigeria has officially signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM) of India on Friday, 2nd June 2020. The MoU being entered, established friendship and cooperation in research, education and culture between educators and students from Nigeria and India. The CUTM Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Mr. Vineet Chatwal, speaking during the official MoU signing which took place in a virtual meeting, for the purpose of completing the MoU, explained that CUTM is well recognized globally as a pioneer in skill integrated higher education by the United Nations, World Bank, Niti Ayog, Central and State Governments and pledged that it will uphold the vision of the university to see the collaboration become successful. Sharing his thought on the occasion, the Head of Corporate Affairs Department of Skyline University Nigeria, Engr. Bashir Garba said he was happy to share that this was possible because SUN had taken additional steps in adopting e-learning through the virtual environment. “We have been able to do so because our IT team has been working on this model for quite some time, which enabled us to start virtual classes within few days of the lockdown. While making his remark, the Vice-Chancellor of Skyline University Nigeria, Professor Sudhakar Kota, appreciated the CUTM team for the confidence reposed on the university and expressed hope that the trust of the partnership will not be broken. He added that the relationship is for the mutual benefit of both institutions of higher learning. The high point of the meeting was the virtual signing of MoU by Professor Kota and the CUTM Registrar, Professor Anita Patra. Also at the meeting was the International Affiliation Manager of CUTM Mr. Mohanty Sekhar, the Vice-Chancellor of CUTM, Prof. Supriya Pattanayak, SUN Director of Operations, Mr. Abubakar Ismail, SUN Registrar, Mr. Firoj Kumar Rauta, the SUN Director of Academic Support Services, Ms. Sarada Maganti and the SUN Corporate Affair’s Executives, Ms. Nafisa Inuwa.

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Expert Gives Health Tips for Successful Stress Management at SUN Online Sports Seminar

A healthy amount of manageable stress can lead to increased brain functioning, a boosted immune system and better preparation for life in post-COVID 19 pandemic. This was the submission of Ms. Stella C. Ekawu, the sports instructor of Skyline University Nigeria and speaker at the online Sports Seminar, held on Wednesday, May 2020. In her presentation at the online seminar with the theme, ‘Managing Stress’ Mrs. Stella said that the world is in the age of inactivity and individuals could no longer pride themselves in their everyday physical and health activities in fitness centres and other sports locations as a result of the lockdown. Hence, individuals must initiate a stay at home solutions to the myriad of problems caused by the lack of exercise, one of which is stress. According to her, unmanaged stress and brooding over stress, dis-balances our physical and emotional life and we end up in traumatic situations. She said findings have shown that all stress is not bad – some stress is essential for our progress. “This is true”, she noted. “Feelings of stress are normally triggered by things happening in our lives which involve being under lots of pressure or facing big changes”. While highlighting the importance of physical activities, Ms. Stella asserted that the coronavirus pandemic has turned the world’s attention to everyone’s immune system. Building our immunity levels becomes a good way to fight the pandemic. She highlighted some method of preventing stress that is translated to having an organized schedule, knowing one’s limit, practicing healthy eating habits, seeing a therapist when you can no longer handle the stress level and participating in regular physical exercise to build immunity to cope with stress-related problems. Ms. Stella, who acknowledged Skyline University Nigeria’s prowess in the area of building a healthy body and healthy mind of students through regular participation in sports activities in the university, said that most of all the training received in sports might end up on the shelf unless students take steps to motivate themselves to participate in these health tips. Earlier, while giving the opening remark at the online seminar, the SUN Director of Academic Support Service, Ms. Sarada Maganti, who welcomed the guests, stated that stress management can make people happier, healthy and more productive. Also at the seminar were the Vice-Chancellor of SUN, Professor Kota; The Registrar, Mr. Firoj Rauta; The Director of Operations, Mr. Abubakar Sadeeq; parents/guidance of students; members of the National Association of Proprietors of Private Secondary Schools (NAPPS) and other members of faculty and staff.

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Virtual Classes: How Skyline University Nigeria Took the Leap to Achieve Remarkable Success

Skyline University Nigeria’s vision of becoming one of the top 10 universities in Africa, has received a boost, with the institution, taking a giant leap in her integration of virtual learning experience into the educational system amidst COVID-19, a catalyst that has led the university to rediscover new models of experiential learning and powerful digital experiences for students. According to reports from the virtual classes, Skyline University Nigeria had not only completed the semester with students online but also held several virtual training and seminars with local and foreign institutions of higher learning, as well as hosting the guest lecture series for students seeking to build a career in entrepreneurship. With these developments, the university is positioned amongst others, to champion the initiative of virtual learning in Nigeria. The Vice-Chancellor of the university, Professor Sudhakar Kota, stated that the university is using Microsoft Teams to provide remote learning to students. Microsoft Teams is a unified communication platform that combines workplace chat, video meetings, file storage, and file collaboration. A statement from Professor Kota pointed out, “students studying in different locations are consistently getting the benefit of virtual learning experience, including teaching/counselling/training etc… During the lockdown period, e-contents were prepared by respective lecturers and made available to students to enable them complete their course curriculum for the semester”. “Though this is an immediate response in the face of a crisis, digital learning as a tool has generated some level of curiosity and excitement by the students of Skyline University Nigeria. The starting point for this is sending out messages via mails to students and following this up with links of courses as per timetable schedule and student’s responses were very encouraging. Many of the students who received such learning have in fact find it an overwhelming experience”. The Vice-Chancellor added. He stated further that, “The implementation of virtual classes took effect as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic which saw the temporary closure of educational institutions Nationwide. There are many universities before Skyline University Nigeria but we are privileged to be counted amongst the universities in Nigeria that have achieved high growth in the advancement of digital learning facilities”. While reacting to the lessons learnt from virtual learning experience compared to the traditional classroom teaching, Professor Kota explained that “the question of which teaching methodology is better, virtual school or traditional school, is always a puzzling one. Traditional classroom teaching methodologies are well-tested, and the environment most of us grew up in. Virtual classrooms, on the other hand, are new and high tech. Yet they’re also pretty experimental”. He added that with virtual classes, students were exposed to the privilege of accessing course work from anywhere within their comfort zone, While increasing their academic knowledge and digital skills.

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Online delivery of teachings – will herald a new era in the delivery of knowledge, skill post Covid- 19?

Difficulties in course of time in an individual’s span of life or natural or social context seeks for makeshift rescues followed by out of the box discoveries/inventions as long term solution. The ongoing COVID- 19 pandemic has jeopardized all traditional chores in each and every operation essential for individual life and society as a whole, forcing mankind to look for alternatives which protect people and their communities. In the sphere of education, it is no exception. Delivery of education within a class room having real presence between an experienced individual (teacher) and a learner (child, young or aged individual) was preferred to date, though distance mode and online delivery were picking up gradually mostly in a complementary role. There were widespread doubt in the complete acceptance of online qualification. The lethally contagious Covid- 19 pandemic has made the class room gathering impossible and has forced to adopt the online delivery of education as the sole and safest method of delivery in order to keep teaching-learning process on-the-go.  The global teaching community has whole heartedly accepted the challenges of online delivery of teaching and are trying their best to contribute in the making of competent, knowledgeable, skilful, and above all socially empathetic future citizens. There is no doubt that with the might of science and technology, human species will overcome sooner and later this darkest phase appeared in front of the civilization. So in the post Covid-19 era, a pertinent question needs to be asked whether the delivery of education will revert dominantly to class room, or exclusively continue as on-line or as a mix of both (hybrid).  One of the quickest method to be sought by education administrator to know the efficacy of the delivery is to make few questionnaire, distribute among students, and asked to rate the given choices and check their satisfaction level. To the best of my guess, students will give positive feedback instead of being critical to the core of their new learning experience, because this method is less hassle to the student communities like every day commuting to the school/college/university, not being too attentive and disciplined as required in a class room, freedom of leaving and joining in the course of lecture, and over all comfort of staying at home etc. Of course they would miss daily hang out sessions with their close friends, but with the menace of COVID- 19 and its high infection rates, they would be willing to sacrifice their time with friends in order to reduce the risk of endangering their life. These observations of mine has been reflected by several studies conducted with proper research procedures and standards pre-COVID- 19. All of these studies have indicated that there is no significant difference between students learning in the online and traditional classroom environments (1, 2, and 3).   And depending on the result of these studies, Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) have been introduced in the year 2012 (4) and are destined to play a fruitful role in higher education (5, 6) (Fig. 1).   Now let us analyze the positive observations from a critical angle. The studies which have been referred here or usually taken up for experiments to observe the students’ satisfaction level are mostly from non-STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Programmes or some discipline from STEM Programme like computer, software, mathematics, statistics etc. But these Programmes are not linked to wet laboratory activities. In courses like Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Engineering which are wet laboratory based and where practical experiences are equally or even more important than just theory based learnings, are usually delivered in institutional owned physical laboratory (sometime coined as traditional laboratory) and experiments are performed in presence of a trained person e.g.; teacher and lab technician. Nowadays, new types of wet laboratory pedagogical approaches like Home laboratory, Virtual laboratory, Remote laboratory (Satellite laboratory) etc. are gradually being tested as alternative to traditional laboratory approach. And with the sudden spike of online education at the backdrop of Covid–19 menace, some of the educational institution mostly located in the developed world, are trying the Home laboratory operation where students are asked to purchase readymade kits (included chemicals and procedures) and perform the experiment at home. But a key question which arises about this practice is the safety issues to perform experiments at home using chemicals which are hazardous, not environment friendly, and most importantly in the absence of physically close supervision by an experienced person, who can guide and take over if a mishap occurs. Moreover, is it possible to perform all kinds of experiments in a home environment? Remote laboratories are equivalent to the traditional laboratory environment where real equipment are used but those are situated at a significant distance from the learner. There is considerable research that indicates that the effectiveness of remote labs is equivalent to that of traditional face-to-face labs (7). However, lack of experience of setting up of experiment, instruments and spot on trouble shooting capabilities which are important in students’ training, are couple of key disadvantages in this approach.  The Virtual Laboratory is an interactive environment for conducting simulated experiments where real experiment are recreated in a controlled setting with the help of computational Programmeming. Virtual laboratory can also be accessed from a remote place. In a very recent study conducted by Goudsouziar et. al. (8) in comparing the student’s experience of performing cell and molecular biology experiments between live and computer simulated virtual laboratory showed that the overall knowledge score of the simulation-only students was significantly less than those of the students who performed both the live and simulated laboratories. It indicates that the live laboratory and computer simulation promote greater learning in comparison to the simulation alone. Similar experiments regarding the student’s best learning experience through a hybrid pedagogy of traditional live lab and simulated virtual lab were also conducted with similar results.  (9, 10).  Therefore, implementation of virtual laboratory as an exclusive substitution for Programmes having wet laboratory exercises will appear detrimental to student’s holistic learnings and skill

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Skyline University Nigeria to be more prominent in Skills Development in post-COVID 19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the dreaded Coronavirus may have given rise to accelerated evolution in the Educational Landscape on a global scale. While appraising the situation arising from the coronavirus pandemic, the Vice-Chancellor (VC) of Skyline University Nigeria (SUN), Professor Sudhakar Kota, said that the world had a critical situation in its hands such that when turned around, there are likely benefits that could change the future of education. He made this submission recently during a media brief on ‘Skills Development in post-Covid 19’. In his appraisal of the educational system, Professor Kota said that before COVID-19, there was already a growing demand from the labour market at a global level for more flexible and blended forms of lifelong learning beyond initial education in order to address the need to upskill workers for the digital economy”. “These days, when people talk about education, the conversation usually turns to virtual learning. Virtual learning is transforming the experience of the classroom by augmenting traditional textbook materials with online resources and content portals; by enhancing customary “chalk and talk” lectures through the use of rich multimedia and interactive content; and by extending student discussions beyond the walls of the classroom via a wide range of new communications platforms” he added. While the COVID-19 situations persist indefinitely, a lot of online education is currently delivered in Skyline University Nigeria, replicating more traditional forms of learning on-campus. This new approach has accelerated new forms of pedagogy and tremendous initiatives from individual academics in the area of skills development. In response to enquiries and testimonials gathered from feedbacks from successfully conducted virtual classes with students, seminars and workshops, the VC said “even before Covid-19, there was already high growth in the adoption of a digital learning platform amongst the students and staff as per the primary goal of the university to be recognized both locally and internationally as the citadel of academic excellence. This platform allows parents a more efficient means of assessing their children’s progress via online access to real-time student-information systems, while allowing students to access their coursework from elsewhere, rather than solely on school ground”. While gathering additional information on the impact of virtual education, Mr. Haruna Lawan Baffa, a 200 level students of Economics said, “The University’s Initiative to introduce a platform for virtual learning where we can continue from where we stopped while we stayed at home has help to improve our digital skills and will continue to be commendable. Lectures were delivered as per the syllabus and normal timetable schedule. I hope that one day, when the pandemic ends, we will occasionally get to look back and revisit the virtual learning experience”. Another student, Miss. Nihat Mustapha, a hundred level student of Biochemistry, stated that “the use of technology and online learning platforms was a very interesting and valuable experience worth learning. It has given us a good grounding in the basics of digital skills. It has improved my critical thinking and enabled me to interact with people through practical work. I have learnt so much from all of the constructive input and guidance throughout each lesson of the course. The online classes have helped me to understand where my strengths and weaknesses are, and what areas I need to improve”. For people desirous of education, wondering whether the adoption of virtual learning and the skills that comes with it will continue to persist post-COVID-19, the University’s Vice-Chancellor advised that the integration of information technology of all the initiatives taken for online education, in this trying times and if eventually will become an integral component of the university’s education would be depended on the approval from the government and the National Universities Commission (NUC).

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MICRO FINANCE – A PANORAMA FOR SMALL ENTREPRENEURS

Introduction Microfinance institutions are bankers and lenders who provide microfinance services, such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers, and insurance. The prominence of microfinance is that it provides much-desirable financial services to poor and low-income households, entrepreneurs, and nascent businesses, who would otherwise not have access to such services. An estimated 1.7 billion people around the world don’t have access to financial services, according to the World Bank. The organization is an international banking group with 189 member countries that work to reduce poverty and “build shared prosperity” in developing countries. To break financial shackles, marginalized groups in rural areas traditionally formed self-help groups, where resources were pooled and distributed to those in need. The government made the decision to link these groups to banks and other financial institutions, a scheme that was developed by the commercial micro financial institutions. Functions and Benefits of Micro Finance It allows people to extend the current opportunities to run their families It gives small merchants to access to credit for their business operative purpose It creates the possibility of future investments.. It is one of the financial tool for mobilizing rotation funds for sustainability of business It can create the possibility of self-employment It encourages people to save for the future It offers significant economic gains even if income levels remain the same. It leads to better loan repayment rates   Conclusion Capital and expertise are increasingly flowing into microfinance. Increased competition can be seen among MFIs. As they continue to develop their internal operating capacities, more of the potential 80% of the market will be served. Key players such as ratings agencies and institutional investors are also moving into the marketplace, signaling the fact that a true market is developing. Microfinance has a significant role in bridging the gap between the formal financial institutions and the rural poor. The Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) accesses financial resources from the Banks and other mainstream Financial Institutions and provide financial and support services to the poor. MFIs are the pivotal overseas organizations in each country that make individual microcredit loans directly to villagers, micro entrepreneurs, impoverished women and poor families. An overseas MFI is like a small bank with the same challenges and capital needs confronting any expanding small venture but with the added responsibility of serving economically-marginalized populations. Many MFIs are creditworthy and well-run with proven records of success, many are operationally self-sufficient. Various types of institutions offer microfinance: credit unions, commercial banks, NGOs (Non-governmental Organizations), cooperatives, and sectors of government banks. The emergence of “for-profit” MFIs is growing. References https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-microfinance-institutions-13233.html https://www.cgap.org/blog/6-ways-microfinance-institutions-can-adapt-digital-age https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/microfinance.asp   Dr. Senthil Kumar, is an Associate Professor of Finance and Business Management in Skyline University Nigeria. He has a PhD. in Business Management from Bharathiar University, India. You can join the conversation on Facebook @SkylineUniversityNG and on Twitter @SkylineUNigeria

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Skyline University Nigeria (SUN) clutches 1st Online Edition of Students’ Entrepreneurship Workshop

Barely a week after Skyline University Nigeria completed a 5-day e-workshop organized for Pre-varsity Schools in North East region of Nigeria. The university has on Thursday, 14th May moved to organize her first online CEO lecture, tagged ‘The role of National Board for Technology Incubation in the Commercialization of Research and Development (R&D) Results in Nigeria’. The objectives of the training according to Ms. Nafisa Inuwa, the Corporate Affairs Executive of the university, who delivered the opening remark, was to provide students of the university with the ability to recognize commercial and business opportunities, to build self-esteem, competencies, knowledge and skills needed in the journey towards self-employment by their interaction with successful CEOs who have made a remarkable entrepreneurial accomplishment. The Student Service Executives of the university, Ms. Hawwa Kassim in her introduction of the guest speaker, Engr. Dr. Mohammed Jibrin, FNSE, FAEng, FNICE, FIMC and Director General/CEO NBTI, she elaborated his achievements that goes a long way in building capacity of budding entrepreneurs in Nigeria and enjoined students to pay attention to the Guest Speaker so as to enrich their knowledge of what is obtained in the industry. While making his presentation at the 1st Online Edition of Students’ Entrepreneurship Workshop, the Guest Speaker, Engr. Dr. Mohammed stated that “Skyline University Nigeria within a short space of time has achieved so much and is carving a niche for herself as an established institution of higher learning in Nigeria through her strong focus on entrepreneurship development for students of the university”. Dr. Mohammed said, that with the National Board for Technology Incubation (NBTI), Nigeria has prided herself in being able to support business ideas of individuals coming up with tangible solutions to the countless of problems plaguing the country over the years. He added that “what qualified students/individuals to be considered as a member of the NBIT, is simple to conceive an idea… “Your proposal will be streamed lined and adjusted, afterwards, an interview will be conducted to ensure you have the capacity and time. When we are convinced that your idea is feasible, we ask you to submit the business plan and afterwards admit you into the technology incubation centre Programmeme”. he added. The guest speaker bemoaned the situation whereby the country is still dependent on imported products that have not been able to translate into meaningful wealth creation for Nigeria. On the manufacture and distribution of fake products in the market, he said such an act, is tempering with the safety of human lives. According to him, if Students of Skyline University Nigeria had to translate research and business ideas to tangible solutions, they will have to look at the fundamentals of entrepreneurship and not out of business curiosity without any plan for quality and commercialization. The vote of thanks was delivered by Haruna Baffa Lawan, a 200 level students of Economics, Skyline University Nigeria. In his words, “Thank you for taking the time to share with us your organizational structure as well as the fundamentals of entrepreneurship success. I’m sure the participants are well excited and this initiative will guide us through the monitoring, evaluations and mapping of a successful entrepreneurial journey. Thank you!”

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Testimonials from Students of Skyline University Nigeria (SUN) to Help keep your mood up while Studying at Home

In the fight against the further spread of Covid-19 outbreak, all institution of higher learning, secondary and primary schools are shut down nationwide. In a situation like this, it’s ok to feel bored, worried and confused about the status of your university’s graduation as scheduled in your application letter. While Skyline University Nigeria (SUN) has adopted virtual learning in the past months, students of the university have resorted to studying from home, via virtual classes. While schools are temporarily closed, we have anonymously gathered some testimonial from our students to help keep your study mood up and stay positive in this time of uncertainties. “Am studying from home and I have everything I need. Online classes start at 9:00 am the earliest. The lessons are taking place as usual and it is very convenient. Interestingly, it has helped in boosting our digital skills. I take classes in my room all day long but I just missed school because of friends and the encouragement I get amongst Skyline University community. I must admit, it is sometimes boring to sit at home all day but we have to cope with this for the sake of our safety.” “While taking lectures from home, I realized how much I got lost in the things I had to do to prepare for campus every day, attending classes, getting assignments done, following up on academic clubs and every other activity that keep students busy, while at the same time forgetting how important it is to spend time with family. I started again to tend to family needs to bring some colours back into my life. With some effort, I will put a smile on the faces of my family while I take classes online. These days, I keep my mind productive and put your thoughts and ideas into writing. Maybe this will be the beginning of a new desire to learn creative writing. Stay safe, stay indoors!” “The first week after Skyline University answered the call of the National Universities Commissions (NUC) on lockdown, not many places were closed and I could still go out and come back at will. Soon as the virus spreads to more states in Nigeria, all the places I could go out to became closed and sitting at home became boring. Usually, I would put on my phone or laptop and be entertained simply but my parents feel that is not a healthy way to keep going amidst the lockdown. So, when the university announced the adoption of a virtual class and lecture timetable were sent to students, I have found a much better way of entertaining myself, particularly connecting with coursemates on the virtual class platform, as well as discussing important projects and assignments. I also love reading and am reading now for my exams.” “At the campus, I could approach the Professors at any time if I have questions and I can also discuss with my classmates at will. Today, I miss my friends physically and staying at home for such a long time has become boring. But its been a relieve having the ability to log into the online platform while learning from home, using a digital device and an internet connection. When I first learned about the lockdown, I was happy, about the extended vacation but now, I just want everything to go back to being normal.” “I don’t see this as an extended holiday and I would not advise students around the world whose schools have been closed due to Covid-19 to do the same. There is a reason why we are out of school, which is to stop the further spread of the virus. It is not time for us to lose our mind and be unhappy. We are studying differently and if we stopped now, how are we supposed to remember where we left off before the closure of schools? I keep learning with online classes, through the university’s online platform. I read books, learning new catering skill online to keep my mood up because this is an opportunity to try new things. What I would tell other students going through the same situation around the world is to try and do the things you enjoy.”

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The History of Global Pandemics

An endemic disease is a disease that is always present in a certain population or region. One of the most talked-about endemic diseases is malaria. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, for example, meningococcal infections. Whereas, a pandemic is an epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region, for instance, multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. A disease or condition is not a pandemic merely because it is widespread or kills many people; it must also be infectious, for example, COVID-19 [1]. In the realm of infectious diseases, a pandemic is a worst-case scenario. When an epidemic spreads beyond a country’s borders, that’s when the disease officially becomes a pandemic. Communicable diseases existed during humankind’s hunter-gatherer days, but the shift to agrarian life 12,000 years ago created communities that made epidemics more possible. Malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, influenza, smallpox, and others first appeared during this period [2]. Throughout history, there have been several pandemics such as smallpox and tuberculosis. The most fatal pandemic recorded in human history was the Black Death (Plague), which killed an estimated 75 – 200 million people in the 14th century. Other notable pandemics include the 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu) and the 2009 influenza pandemic (H1N1). Current pandemics include HIV/AIDS and the 2019 – 20 coronavirus pandemic [1]. A major global pandemic that has occurred over time is listed below [3]. Throughout history, nothing has killed more human beings than infectious diseases [4]. It is generally zoonoses such as influenza and tuberculosis which constitute most of the widespread outbreaks, resulting from the domestication of animals. There have been a number of particularly significant epidemics that deserve mention above the “mere” destruction of cities. The first recorded outbreak of bubonic plague started in Egypt and reached Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) the following spring, killing (according to the Byzantine chronicler Procopius) 10,000 a day at its height, and perhaps 40% of the city’s inhabitants. The plague went on to eliminate a quarter to half the human population of the known world. It caused Europe’s population to drop by around 50% between 550 AD and 700 AD [1]. This was the only instance in the history of human civilization that the global population growth showed a declining trend (Figure 1). Eight hundred years after the last outbreak, the plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the disease reached the Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed an estimated 20 to 30 million Europeans in six years; a third of the total population, and up to a half in the worst-affected urban areas. The third plague pandemic (1855-85) started in China and spread into India, where 10-12 million people died. Figure – 1 The “Spanish flu”, 1918 – 1919. First identified early in March 1918 in U.S. troops training at Camp Funston, Kansas. By October 1918, it had spread to become a worldwide pandemic on all continents, and eventually infected about one-third of the world’s population (or ≈500 million people). Unusually deadly and virulent, it ended almost as quickly as it began, vanishing completely within 18 months. Within six months, some 50 million people were dead [1]. The “Asian Flu” of 1957 – 58, an H2N2 virus first identified in China in late February 1957. It caused about two million deaths globally. The “Hong Kong Flu”, 1968 – 69, an H3N2 virus first detected in Hong Kong in early 1968 and spread across the world, lasting until 1972. This pandemic killed approximately one million people worldwide. The “Swine Flu”, 2009 – 10, an H1N1 virus first detected in Mexico in early 2009. Estimates for the mortality of this pandemic range from 150 to 200 thousand. HIV/AIDS, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is considered by some scientists a global pandemic. However, the WHO currently uses the term ‘global epidemic’ to describe HIV. As of 2018, approximately 37.9 million people are infected with HIV globally. There were about 770,000 deaths from AIDS in 2018 [5]. Likewise, Hepatitis B is another global pandemic that no one talks about, yet one in three people worldwide has been infected. In 2013, hepatitis B and C together was the seventh-leading cause of death worldwide, with hepatitis B causing 780,000 deaths annually. Why pandemic does happen? Pandemic diseases is not a new phenomenon, it existed from the time when humans first settled down and started farming. Gradually, over thousands of years, the human population grow slowly and steadily. The first recorded pandemic was typhoid fever (430 to 426 BCE), it killed a quarter of the Athenian troops and a quarter of the population. This disease fatally weakened the dominance of Athens, but the sheer virulence of the disease prevented its wider spread. Within a space of a few hundred years, the earth has been regularly ravaged with devastating pandemics. Pandemics have a special significance in biology, it plays an important role in the process of evolution. According to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, only the fittest individuals will survive. It is not the most strongest of the species, nor the most intelligent that will survive. It is the one that has the best genes which will allow them to adapt to the various challenges thrown at them by nature. The laws of nature are such that no one species can dominate. Moreover, with the regular pandemic, the human population is kept under check so there is no overcrowding. However, in the past 3 centuries, the world population has risen rapidly, primarily as a result of the decline in child mortality, improvement in sanitation, and advancement in modern medicine that followed the industrial revolution. As a results, we now understand the various pathogens involved in dreaded diseases better and have successfully developed antidote (vaccines) against them. Some of the pathogens like smallpox virus and poliovirus has been completely eradicated from this world. No doubt

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Skyline University Nigeria (SUN) Holds a 5-day E-Workshop For Pre-varsity Schools

Skyline University Nigeria (SUN), the first private university in Northwest Nigeria in collaboration with her sister university, Skyline University, Sharjah, has organized a 5-day e-workshop for private pre-varsity schools in North East region of Nigeria. The workshop is designed to support the future of work from home, enhance work-life balance during tough times as well as demonstrate the importance of machine learning amongst participants. The 5-day e-workshop which was tagged ‘Reboot Training’ kicked off on Tuesday, 5th to 9th May 2020 and featured participants from all sections of secondary schools. The workshop was divided into two groups and conducted by thirteen foreign-trained professors from Sharjah. The first presentation was made by Dr. Ramakrishna, Dr. Taleb and Dr. Abdul Salam who spoke on remote working environment, benefits and challenges as well as technical issues related to remote working environment in group A. The second presentation was made by Dr. Kakul Agha, who spoke on ‘work from home & enhancing work-life balance during tough times’. The third presentation was on Machine Learning by Dr. Taher Ghazal and Dr. Manas Pradhan who unveiled Artificial Intelligence (AI) analysis for all participants in group B, amongst other instructors. In his presentation at the e-workshop, one of the instructors, Dr. Manas, described Artificial Intelligence as the ability of a computer or robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. Dr. Manas, who is an expert in molecular Computing, Software Engineering, Business Analytics, Data mining, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning etc, said AI is changing the world of businesses. Delivering a paper titled, ‘Virtual team management and Leadership’, Dr. Petr said that virtual learning is synonymous to regular class teaching methodologist in many aspects, adding that the world is beginning to adapt the methods of virtual learning with not more than 250 participants. “Soon, group of individuals who work together from different geographic locations will rely on communication technology such as email, skype, Microsoft teams, zoom etc. services to collaborate and reach achievable heights”, he asserted. While positing that secondary/primary schools, higher institutions, all have roles to play concerning future information technology trends amongst students, Dr. Abdul Salam who delivered training on ‘technology issues related to remote working environment’ said that the workshop would provide methods, technologies and skills needed to make meaningful impact in the educational industry. He averred that schools must give rooms for change for students to be globally competitive. While giving his opening remark, the workshop convener and Vice-Chancellor of Skyline University Nigeria, Professor Sudhakar Kota stated that the workshop aimed to empower the Proprietors/ Administrators of secondary schools in Kano in solution strategies, given the present global epidemic, Covid-19. In his words, “In this time of isolation, connecting for mutual benefit was the first step Skyline has taken in empowering the Proprietors of the schools”. Professor Kota added that the workshop would enable participants to take full initiatives of activities such as this to build a strong learning outcome cutting across different disciplines amongst the teachers and students of their respective schools. Thus, making the secondary schools have access to first-hand information about workshops and training in Skyline University Nigeria. The weeklong workshop which had an attendant of over 100 participants, attracted lots of positive feedback from participants. Giving her appreciation on behalf of the National Association of Proprietors of Private Schools (NAPPS), Nigeria, Hajiya Maryam Magaji, (Deputy National President) wrote, “We want to appreciate your effort for organizing such an educative, inspiring and innovative Programme. May Almighty Allah reward you bountifully. We also  wish the next Programme would cover the entire nation, Thanks!” Hon. Aliyu Rabiu Kurfi of Danmasani International, Katsina and the President of North West Region (NAPPS), agreed that the e-workshop was every step a real educational fun and ‘food for thoughts’ for all participants. He said “Each of the lessons commenced with stress-mitigating teasers to establish good rapport among the fairly distant ‘strange online bedfellows’. It was a wow-series of competent, resourceful, approachable, communicative, distant learner-centric, patient and often humorous professionals. Our appreciation knows no bounds to the organizers and facilitators of the Programmeme. We say a very special Thank You for the Programmeme, as we look forward in anticipation of more and more ala the Oliver Twist. Congratulations!!!” Another participant, Mr. Samuel Adejoh, the Principal of Asha International School, Kano, said that “The online training was a wonderful experience, characterized with learning of new ideas… I believe Skyline University Nigeria, have created a path of new online discoveries for other academic institutions to follow. I am grateful to be exposed to such an experience. The topics raised in the training are so relevant to 21st Century learning and leadership. The seminar was timely and necessary for school owners and administrators. The thought of using the Microsoft Team App was unique instead of the usual Zoom Cloud App adopted by many for online seminars. God bless you!” Damilola Ajala, from Tots Academy, Abuja described the online seminar as a good initiative. As she puts it, “First of all, it was my first time knowing about the Microsoft Team and I discovered it is a very good meeting app. I joined from day one and logging in wasn’t difficult at all. I particularly will comment on Dr Sharon, Dr Tariq and Dr Manas (Introduction to Machine Learning). Their teaching was very simplified, explicit and interactive. Mr Tauqeer on Excel Training made me go back to embracing excel (Couldn’t imagine someone could teach Excel online as he did). Great job to them and every other speaker. Mr. Lawan Sayyadi of Shubla Academy, who was happy to participate in the Programmeme said “The Programme has been refreshing, educating, exciting and interacting. I’m sure most of the participants did enjoy it and benefitted from it. We look forward to more of it through the synergy of SUN and NAPPS.” According to Ms. Salamatu Garba, proprietor of Wofan Comprehensive School Kano, a participant at the e-workshop, “the Programmeme was a way forward to re-organizing ones’ priorities to factor in a home working

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